The US National Petroleum Council (NPC) says high costs and technology limitations will ensure that internal combustion engines remain the dominant power source for cars until at least the middle of the century.

Although there have been innovations in electric and hydrogen fuel cell propulsion technologies, the lower cost of internal combustion engines and their suitability will see conventional petrol and diesel engines, hybrids, plug-ins and natural gas engines continue to lead the market until 2050.

However, all is not lost for the environment. The NPC believes that the ongoing technological advancements in lightweight materials, improved aerodynamics and drivetrain electrification could see the fuel economy of internal combustion engine vehicles improve by 60 to 90% over the next four decades.

The report also commented that it is too early to pinpoint the fuel of the future and hence recommends that a broad portfolio of technology options should be pursued and supported. Hence, oil producing nations can rest assured that their export will still be in hot demand for a long time to come.

The National Petroleum Council is an American advisory committee representing oil and natural gas industry views to the Secretary of Energy.