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The Anatomy of a Vaccine: The Path To Recovery?


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On 8/23/2020 at 8:14 PM, Lala81 said:

The only truth about vaccine is that so far that the one backed by SG will be significantly behind the front-runners. The front runners have all begun or are starting phase III this month. While the Temasek backed one is phase I only.

So we don't know who's the best or the fastest horse, but it won't be the one backed by Temasek. [laugh]

The safest horse.

I like kiasi kiasu. 

How long did Edison take to build his lightbulb?

That is a certifiable genius within marked reduced variation of influencing parameters.

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39 minutes ago, Datsun366 said:

The safest horse.

I like kiasi kiasu. 

How long did Edison take to build his lightbulb?

That is a certifiable genius within marked reduced variation of influencing parameters.

No one said its the safest horse. Its only a slow horse. 

In fact if u want to say safest. JnJ or AZ/Sanofi are probably conceptually safer or well entity. 

Moderna and this arcturus are MRNA vaccines. 

 

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https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/astrazeneca-trials-of-covid-19-vaccine-resuming-13105804

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LONDON: AstraZeneca has resumed British clinical trials of its COVID-19 vaccine, one of the most advanced in development, after getting the green light from safety watchdogs, the company said on Saturday (Sep 12).

The late-stage trials of the experimental vaccine, developed with researchers from the University of Oxford, were suspended this week after an illness in a study subject in Britain, casting doubts on an early rollout.

"On Sep 6, the standard review process triggered a voluntary pause to vaccination across all global trials to allow review of safety data by independent committees, and international regulators," AstraZeneca said.

It added that safety reviewers had recommended to Britain's Medicines Health Regulatory Authority (MHRA) that it was safe to resume the British trials.

The patient involved in the study had been reportedly suffering from neurological symptoms associated with a rare spinal inflammatory disorder called transverse myelitis.

 

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24 minutes ago, Chongster said:

China vaccine old school tech apparently safest 

Some ancient emperors believed in immortal medicine and searched high and low till one day scouts brought back a can of roaches... supposedly outlived the dinos... 😁

Till modern days still got people deep fried them to makan... 😅

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https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/australia-expects-covid-19-vaccination-is-still-a-year-away-13219696

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CANBERRA: Australia considered a rollout of a coronavirus vaccine no sooner than mid-2021 a best-case scenario in its pandemic planning that would save the economy tens of billions of dollars, the treasurer said on Wednesday (Oct 7).

The Treasury and Health Departments developed economic modelling based on an assumption that a vaccine would be widely available in Australia toward the end of next year, Treasurer Josh Frydenberg said.

“These are very uncertain times and as a government, we have taken every step possible to give Australia the best possible chance of getting a vaccine,” Frydenberg told the National Press Club.

Treasury modelling doesn’t contemplate a vaccine becoming available in Australia early next year. An early vaccine is regarded as one that is rolled out from Jul 1, providing certainty to households and businesses while promoting consumption and investment.

This so-called upside scenario also assumes that international students would return to Australian universities late next year due to the vaccine. Hundreds of thousands of students from overseas have made the Australian universities sector one of the nation’s biggest earners of foreign currency.

The scenario would boost Australian economic activity by 34 billion Australian dollars (US$24 billion) above the current forecast in the June quarter of 2022. Economic growth would be 1.5 percentage points higher in the 2021-22 fiscal year than the 4.75 per cent currently forecast.

READ: Australia's Victoria state reaches lower COVID-19 infection milestone

Researchers are working on developing more than 170 potential COVID-19 vaccines. A June survey of 28 mostly US and Canadian vaccinology experts published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found most were pessimistic a vaccine would be available before mid-2021, but thought September or October was achievable.

Frydenberg on Tuesday announced a raft of pandemic measures that would create a record A$214 billion (US$153 billion) deficit in the current fiscal year. Based on the assumption that a vaccine will become available closer to the end of 2021 than July, annual deficits are forecast to shrink in the next fiscal year and beyond.

“We’re all hopeful ... that we will find a vaccine, and we have made that assumption based on the end of next year, but obviously as there are developments in the health and the global community, we’ll continue to update our position,” Frydenberg said on Wednesday.

“There is a great deal of uncertainty in this pandemic,” he added.

Australia has allowed for an earlier vaccine rollout with doses manufactured locally under deals struck with two pharmaceutical companies.

If trials prove successful, the University of Oxford/AstraZeneca and the University of Queensland/CSL will provide more than 84.8 million vaccine doses for the Australian population, almost entirely manufactured in Melbourne, with early access to 3.8 million doses of the University of Oxford vaccine in January and February 2021.

The government has committed to make any vaccine available for free to Australia's population of 26 million.

 

 

 

 

 

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https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/how-singapore-helped-with-us-president-trumps-covid-19-treatment

 

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SINGAPORE - When it comes to fighting against the Covid-19 pandemic, Singapore has been punching above its weight.

Blood samples from three patients here were used to develop the experimental antibody cocktail used to treat US President Donald Trump after he tested positive for the coronavirus.

The National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) had responded to a collaboration request from US biotechnology firm Regeneron - the company which developed that antibody cocktail - with no claim of intellectual property right over the treatment.

NCID was requested to recruit up to 20 recovered patients for contribution of samples.

After obtaining ethics approval and patients' informed consent, NCID recruited five patients and was informed by Regeneron that they had - at that point - sufficient samples to develop the antibody cocktails, Associate Professor David Lye, senior consultant and director of the Infectious Disease Research and Training Office at NCID, told The Straits Times on Friday (Oct 9).

Regeneron eventually used three of the five Singapore patient samples as the research starting point to develop the antibodies.

Regeneron's treatment, called REGN-COV2, is a combination or "cocktail" of two antibodies, which are infection-fighting proteins that were developed to bind themselves to the virus and inhibit it from invading human cells.

A cocktail would make it more difficult for the virus to mutate and escape the antibodies as more of them are targeting different sites of the virus.

In a paper published in Science Magazine in June, Regeneron scientists described how they selected the two best antibodies from both recovered human patients and infected mice that were genetically modified to give them human-like immune systems.

The company has released some promising early data regarding its Covid-19 therapy, but no details that would prove the efficacy of the treatment have been made public.

Besides the collaboration with Regeneron, Singapore is also part of a global phase 3 monoclonal antibody trial, named Activ-3, which started in August and aims to recruit 1,000 patients globally.

 

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https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-study-paused-due-to-unexplained-illness-in

 

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NEW JERSEY (BLOOMBERG) - Johnson & Johnson said its Covid-19 vaccine study has been temporarily halted after a clinical trial participant experienced an unexplained illness, the second time that a front-runner developer has paused a trial amid the intensifying race to create a viable immunisation against the virus.

The New Brunswick, New Jersey-based company said in a statement late Monday the participant’s illness is being evaluated, and that it would share more information after investigation. J&J’s statement confirmed an earlier report by health-care news provider Stat that the study was paused.

“We are committed to providing transparent updates throughout the clinical development process of our vaccine candidate,” J&J said in its statement.

“Adverse events – illnesses, accidents, etc. – even those that are serious, are an expected part of any clinical study, especially large studies.”

While pauses in late-stage testing is a routine event for the pharmaceutical industry, J&J’s interruption raises concern over safety issues as Covid-19 vaccine candidates have progressed at unprecedented speed this year.

Developmental processes that usually take years have been compressed into months, egged on by politicians wanting a quick pandemic fix.

British drugmaker AstraZeneca Plc last month temporarily stopped tests of its vaccine after a trial participant fell ill. That study has resumed in a number of countries but remains halted in the US.

 

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https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-pauses-enrolment-for-covid-19-antibody-trial-after-halting-of-us

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SINGAPORE - The National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) has temporarily stopped enrolling Covid-19 patients for a monoclonal antibody trial after the American pharmaceutical company that developed the drug had to halt the trial due to safety concerns last week.

Singapore is only the third country to be involved in the trial after the United States and Denmark, and this is the nation's first Phase 3 monoclonal antibody trial.

The NCID announced that it was ready to enrol its first patients in the trial as of Oct 6, and a week later on Oct 13, the pharma company, Eli Lilly, said it had to pause the late-stage trial, called Activ-3. The drugmaker did not disclose details about what the safety concern was or how many people were affected.

"Following instructions from the Active-3 safety monitoring board, the NCID immediately paused screening and enrolment of new Covid-19 patients for the trial," the NCID told The Straits Times on Monday (Oct 19).

The halt does not affect the treatment of patients who have already been enrolled in the trial.

So far, one patient in Singapore has joined the study and is well, with no adverse effects related to the drugs involved in the study, said the NCID.

 

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Trump is so fortunate that his body is totally compatible with the antibody treatment.

https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3104427/trumps-covid-19-antibody-treatment-was-partly

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One of the two antibodies used in an experimental treatment for US President Donald Trump was developed using blood samples from three patients in Singapore, according to a report by Asian Scientist Magazine published on Monday.

The science and technology publication noted that Trump had on Friday received a “high dose” of an experimental antibody therapy known as REGN-COV2 developed by American biotechnology company Regeneron.

The treatment – a combination of two antibodies against the coronavirus spike protein – had shown promising results in an earlier trial involving 275 patients. In those cases, patients reported reduced viral levels and improved symptoms, the report said.

Trump received the antibody cocktail before he was admitted to the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, and while he was there for three days, he was also given multiple doses of the antiviral drug, Remdesivir and a steroid dexamethasone, usually used to treat inflammation in people who have severe cases of Covid-19.

Trump was discharged from hospital on Monday evening and in a video released shortly after he was ensconced in the White House said he was feeling better.

Dr Jonathan Reiner, a professor of medicine at George Washington University, told CNN:

But many Americans are not that fortunate. They have no access to such treatment.

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